Navigating Canada’s work permit landscape can be complex, especially when deciding between the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) and the International Mobility Program (IMP). As AI-driven software and digital transformation accelerate labour market changes, understanding the differences between these two programs is more crucial than ever in 2025. This guide breaks down the key distinctions, compliance requirements, and which program may suit your needs—whether you are an employer, tech startup, or a skilled foreign national seeking Canadian work experience.

Key Takeaways

• The TFWP requires a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA); the IMP does not.
• TFWP addresses specific labour shortages, while IMP supports Canada’s broader economic, social, and cultural interests.
• TFWP permits are typically employer-specific; IMP offers both employer-specific and open work permits.
• Compliance regimes and application processes differ significantly between the two programs.
• AI and software sector employers frequently use both programs to attract global talent.

Table of Contents

• Overview: TFWP vs. IMP
• Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA): What’s Required?
• Comparing the TFWP and IMP
• Pros & Cons of Each Program
• Latest Statistics
• Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
• Conclusion: Choosing the Right Path
• About the Author

Overview: TFWP vs. IMP

The Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) and the International Mobility Program (IMP) are Canada’s two primary streams for temporary labour migration. Both enable Canadian employers to hire foreign nationals, but they serve different purposes and have distinct eligibility criteria.

• TFWP: Designed to address genuine labour shortages when no Canadians or permanent residents are available for the job.
• IMP: Facilitates entry of foreign workers who advance Canada’s economic, social, or cultural interests, often through international agreements or reciprocal benefits.

Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA): What’s Required?

The most significant difference between TFWP and IMP is the Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) requirement:

• TFWP: Requires employers to obtain a positive LMIA. This means the Canadian government verifies that hiring a foreign worker will not negatively impact the local labour market.
• IMP: No LMIA required. Instead, work permits are granted based on international agreements (such as CUSMA), significant benefit to Canada, or reciprocal employment arrangements.

For AI and software companies, the IMP is often used for intracompany transfers and global talent streams, while TFWP is typically used for roles facing acute shortages.

Comparing the TFWP and IMP

Permit Types

• TFWP: Employer-specific work permits (tied to one employer and job).
• IMP: Both employer-specific and open work permits (allowing work for any employer).

Application Process

• TFWP: Employer applies for LMIA → Worker applies for permit.
• IMP: Worker or employer applies directly for permit based on program stream.

Compliance Regimes

• TFWP: Subject to regular employer compliance inspections and reporting.
• IMP: Compliance focused on program integrity and broader objectives.

Pros & Cons of Each Program

Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP)

• Pros:
  • Addresses immediate labour shortages.
  • Clear employer-driven process.
• Cons:
  • LMIA process can be lengthy and costly.
  • Work permits are employer-specific, limiting worker flexibility.

International Mobility Program (IMP)

• Pros:
  • No LMIA required—faster processing.
  • Open work permits available for some streams.
  • Supports Canada’s innovation and global talent strategy.
• Cons:
  • Eligibility limited to specific agreements or criteria.
  • Less suited for filling acute, localized labour shortages.

Latest Statistics

• In 2024, over 135,000 work permits were issued through the International Mobility Program, reflecting a 12% increase year-over-year.
• The Temporary Foreign Worker Program accounted for approximately 74,000 work permits in 2024, with a significant portion in agriculture and tech sectors.
• AI and software occupations represented 18% of all IMP permits in 2024, demonstrating the program’s importance for Canada’s innovation economy.

Source: Government of Canada, 2024 Annual Work Permit Report

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• 1. Can I switch from a TFWP work permit to an IMP permit?
  
  In some cases, yes. If you become eligible under an IMP stream (such as an intra-company transfer or through free trade agreements), you can apply for a new permit without an LMIA.
• 2. Which program is better for tech startups hiring global talent?
  
  The IMP is often preferred due to faster processing and open permit options, especially for high-skilled roles in AI and software.
• 3. Does the IMP have a cap on the number of work permits issued?
  
  No, the IMP does not have a fixed cap, but eligibility is limited by program criteria and international agreements.
• 4. Are LMIA-exempt work permits always open permits?
  
  Not always. Some IMP streams grant employer-specific permits, while others (like spousal open work permits) allow employment with any employer.
• 5. How long does it take to get a work permit under each program?
  
  IMP permits are generally processed faster, often within weeks, while TFWP permits can take several months due to the LMIA process.

Conclusion: Choosing the Right Path

The differences between the Temporary Foreign Worker Program and International Mobility Program are fundamental for employers and foreign nationals alike. In 2025, as Canada’s AI and software sectors continue to expand, leveraging the right work permit stream is essential for meeting your talent and compliance needs. Assess your eligibility, program objectives, and the nature of the role to determine which pathway aligns with your goals.

About the Author

Vikas Tulashyam is a recognized expert in Canadian immigration policy and workforce mobility, with extensive experience advising tech companies and skilled professionals. His insights help bridge the gap between regulatory compliance and Canada’s innovation-driven labour market.

About the Author

Vikas Tulashyam — Regulated Canadian Immigration Consultant (RCIC)

Vikas helps skilled workers, students and families navigate Canadian immigration with 4+ years of experience.